Projektbeschreibung:
Between 1941 and 1944, almost one and a half million Ukrainian.Jews were assassinated following Nazi Germany’s invasion of the.Soviet Union. The immense majority died of bullets triggered by.the guns of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units in the East),.Waffen SS units, the German police and local collaborators. Only.a minority of them were killed after deportation to extermination.camps..As early as 1941, the British and Americans were aware.of the massacres, which were partially recorded by the Soviet.Commissions of 1944-1945. The main authors of the “Holocaust.by bullets” were judged during the trial of the Einsatzgruppen in.Nuremberg in 1947-1948 and in the latter part of the 1950’s, in.the Federal Republic of Germany..Despite the witness accounts of rare survivors and the.judicial inquiries, the story of the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.remains virtually unknown. Since 2004, Father Patrick Desbois.and a team of Yahad-In Unum researchers have found many.Ukrainian witnesses who saw the massacres or were.requisitioned during the executions of the Jews. The witness.accounts that Yahad-In Unum have assembled, and.systematically collated with written documents, provide.information as to the whereabouts of five hundred forgotten.mass graves, and have led them to gather together material.evidence of the genocide (firearms, gun-casing, bullets). It has.finally become possible to preserve and respect the victims’.burial places..The exhibition presents this ongoing research which, by.reconstituting the assassins’ methods, provides one with a better.understanding of how the genocide of the Jews of Eastern Europe.was put into practise..The exhibition is not recommended for children given the violent content of the.witness accounts.This exhibition has been organised by the Shoah Memorial and the association.Yahad-In Unum, supported by the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah, and in.partnership with France Culture and L’Histoire..Curator: Sophie Nagiscarde..Scientific Commission: Patrick Desbois, President of Yahad-In Unum, Director of.the National Service of French Bishops for Relations with Judaism, consultant at.the Holy See for Relations with Judaism, and Edouard Husson, doctor of History, f.Paris IV – Sorbonne University..Assisted by Andrej Umansky, Fanny Chassain, Patrice Bensimon and Marlene.Rigler..Exhibition design: Natacha Nisic. Contemporary photographs: Guillaume Ribot...The Jews in Ukraine.At the eve of the twentieth century, the immense majority of the.Russian Empire’s 5,400,000 Jews lived in a region known as the.“Residence Zone” (mainly in Ukraine, but also Belarus, Lithuania,.and part of Poland). It was there that, to use the writer Vassili.Grossman’s expression, most Jewish people were to be found..They spoke Russian, German, Polish and above all Yiddish, and.were united by the same culture, even if a large number of them.had turned away from religion, becoming involved in the political.and social struggle. Despite the changes in sovereignty, the Jews.felt that they belonged more to a region, a town, or a shtetl than.to a country...The consequences of the First World War (Non-Soviet Ukraine).At the outcome of the First World War, the disappearance of the.Central Empires (the German Reich, Austria Hungary) and the.upheavals resulting from the Bolshevik Revolution in the ex-.Russian Empire, had dislocated Ukraine, splitting up its territory.and populations, and notably the Jewish population, into the.different countries formed at the peace treaties. Jews’ lives.differed according to the political circumstances of the territories.in which they were residing. Although the brief Popular Republic.of Ukraine (January 1918 – November 1920) gave the Jewish.community every right to direct their own religious, cultural and.educative institutions, pogroms were nevertheless perpetrated,.and every national and political force participated. The situation.was no better in the Ukrainian regions attached to Poland where.the Jews’ situation began to deteriorate from 1926 (the year of.the S. Pilsudski coup d’État) onwards: businesses and shops.were boycotted, and a system of official quotas was introduced.into educational institutions…..In Romania, the rise in anti-Semitism and the growing influence.of racist ad totalitarian theories led to the formation of extreme.right Romanian nationalist movements and increasingly fascist.Ukrainian independent parties..On the other hand, the Jewish population of transcarpathian.Ukraine, attached to Czechoslovakia, had a relatively peaceful.existence between the Wars. Following the Munich crisis in 1938,.the region was eventually annexed by Hungary. The Jewish.population then began to suffer discrimination and persecution..Soviet Ukraine before the Holocaust.During the first years of the Soviet regime, initial decisions led.the Jews to believe that they had finally found their place in the.USSR, and most particularly, in Soviet Ukraine. However, the.1920s-1930s were marked by extreme disillusionment in the.economic domain and in public life, and by a series of measures.announcing the disintegration of the Jewish world. It was only in.the cultural spheres that the 1920s-1930s resembled a sort of.golden age. Yiddish was elevated to official language status, and.developed on a large scale: it was even used in some regions by.administrators, lessons in State schools were in Yiddish, and.Yiddish newspapers, magazines, plays and concert halls.flourished..1939.As part of the application of the German-Soviet pact, the USSR.annexed the East of Poland and then, in June, Northern Bucovina..It is estimated that the Jewish population in Ukraine at the time.was 2,500,000 (5 million in USSR)..Almost 300,000 Jews fleeing the western territories of Poland.which had been annexed by Germany, attempted to take refuge in.the USSR. Considered as “activists”, the refugees were sent in.their thousands to prisons or workcamps. They nevertheless.succeeded in evading the fate of the 3 million Jews assassinated.by the Nazis on Soviet territory...The extermination of the Ukrainian Jews..Preparations for genocide are set in motion: the SS’ power is.expanded.During the invasion of Austria, in March, 1938, Himmler and.Heydrich created the Einsatzgruppen for the first time. These “SS.intervention groups” were mobile commandos whose job it was.to arrest and, if necessary, execute individuals the regime.considered enemies. They were initially made up of SS officials.and police..On the eve of the war, the regime’s prime objective was to.conquer the “vital space to the East”, and use the SS and the.police to implement the genocidal totalitarianism of the regime.behind the Wehrmacht. Ukraine was to be at the heart of this new.“vital space”: Jews were to be killed, “the Slavs” were to be left.to die of hunger or reduced to living in miserable conditions and.forced labor, and to introduce “German settlers” in one of.Europe’s richest agricultural lands..The start and the radicalization of a genocidal policy.The Jews living in conquered Poland were assembled in.immense ghettos as of the Autumn of 1939. Hunger and.epidemics brought about the death of many thousands of them..At the same time, as of September, 1939, the Einsatzgruppen,.reinforced by Waffen SS recruits, massacred more than 70,0000.Poles and Jews in just a few weeks..When the Wehrmacht entered Ukraine, the Jews in the West,.including refugees who had fled the invasion of Poland in the.autumn of 1939, were caught in a trap. Several thousand.managed to escape, although they were often caught and killed..The Einsatzgruppen Commandos attacked the “communist.officials” and “members of the Jewish intelligentsia” first of all..Following Himmler’s visits to execution sites at the end of July,.1941, when he suggested that women and children should be.killed as systematically as the men, all German units (Waffen SS,.Einsatzgruppen, Ordnungspolizei – police charged with.maintaining order) went on to adopt a genocidal procedure in.August and September of the same year. From then on, what the.Nazis called the “Treatment of the Jews” in Ukraine became part.of the overall plan for the “Final Solution to the Jewish question.in Europe”...At the same time as the massacres were being perpetrated in the.Occupied territories, the Sonderkommandos and.Einsatzkommandos followed the progression along the front and.started to kill more and more systematically in Eastern Ukraine..The radicalisation of the massacre of the Jews is clearly visible in.the Zhytomyr region, where 3,000 Jews were assassinated in.July, 1941, about 10,000 in August, and 27,000 in September..In the regions which had been recently conquered, the.massacres took place on a large scale right from the start. In.urban settings, the number of victims often surpassed 10,000, as.in the horrifying example of Babi Yar (33,000)..An estimated 65,000 Jews were living in Crimea (attributed to.Ukraine by Krouchtchev after the Second World War but.autonomous Soviet Republic at the time of the German invasion)..When the Germans conquered the region, at the beginning of.November, 1941, roughly 35,000 Jews had taken refuge further.east. About 8,000 Jews had been mobilized by the Red Army. The.Germans therefore found the remaining 23,000 Jews still there,.and quickly made them into the next victims of the genocidal.machine, which was soon to be fully operational in the Soviet.territories. The killing units tracked down their last victims in the.surrounding countryside. Between mid-December and mid-.January, gas vans were also experimented on the Jews..On the other hand, 30% to 50% of Jews in the central or eastern.part of Ukraine were able to flee. They almost all managed to.escape the Holocaust. East of the Dniepr the percentage rate.may have been even higher. According to Ukrainian historian.Alexandre Kruglov, one could say that about one third of.Ukrainian Jews escaped the genocide, which means that, seen.from another perspective, about one million, five hundred.thousand Jews lost their lives: at least five hundred thousand in.eastern Galicia, at least one hundred and fifty thousand in.Transnistria and the rest in the Ukrainian Reichskommissariat..Winter made the killing campaigns more difficult. But, from.Spring onwards, Ukraine was once again the scene of a new wave.of massacres. At the time that the extermination centers in.Poland became operational, the systematic extermination policy.in Ukraine was concentrated on the ghettos which had been set.up since 1941. According to Kruglov’s estimations, if at least.500,000 Ukrainian Jews had been eliminated in 1941, then more.than 700,000 were assassinated in 1942..Eastern Galicia, where one of the greatest communities of.European Jews was living before the war, was the scene of the.largest-scale massacre from the second semester of 1942 until.the end of the German Occupation of Ukraine. Almost 250,000.Jews were deported to the camps of Belzec and Sobibor..In March, 1944, the Nazis instigated a campaign to annihilate the.Jews of Subcarpathian Ukraine, where about 500,000 people were living, 15% of which were Jewish. They rapidly set up.ghettos, bringing the Jews from surrounding villages to larger.urban centers. Most of them were deported to Auschwitz. In all,.about 80% of the Subcarpathian Ukrainian Jews perished in the.Holocaust..According to Alexander Kruglov, about 200,000 Ukrainian Jews.were assassinated from 1943 until the definitive retreat of the.Wehrmacht from Ukraine in 1944..Commando personnel involved in the killings suffered.psychologically from the increasingly systematic and repetitive.massacres they had to commit. Once the decision was taken,.towards the end of 1941, that all Jews living in Occupied Europe.were to be killed, the gas chambers in Polish extermination.centers were finalized. In Ukraine, however, as in the rest of the.Soviet Union, the Nazi Reich was unable to set up extermination.centers due to the fact that the Front was so close. More often.than not, the rail network was inappropriate for deportation.towards extermination centers in Poland. Which is why the.“Holocaust by bullets” continued, in Ukraine, until the end of the.country’s Occupation by the Wehrmacht, in early 1944. Only about.20% of Jewish Ukrainians were deported to Belzec, Sobibor and.Auschwitz. The remaining 80% of the victims were killed by SS.commandos or their auxiliaries..Practically all of those who did not flee were killed in the space of.two and a half years, between June, 1941 and December, 1943...The first Revisionism, by the Nazis themselves.The example of Subcarpathian Ukraine reveals how the Nazis.assassinated or had the Jews assassinated as long as they were.in control of parts of the country. However, at the defeat of.Stalingrad, retreat was envisaged and, along with it, came the.necessity to erase all traces of the crime. The Nazis were the.first Revisionists. The SS called on the commandos, under the.leadership of Paul Blobel (former Head of the Einsatzkommando.4a), and regrouped under the camouflage name “Operation.1005”, to find the massacre sites and make the victims’ corpses.disappear. But the sites were so numerous that they couldn’t all.be found again before the arrival of the Red Army. The killings.had not only been performed by the Einsatzgruppen, but also by.the Ordnungspolizei, different Waffen SS units and Wehrmacht..The NKVD Commissions, following the Red Army, were the first.to supply systematic information about the genocide of the.Jewish population..The Nazis were unable, either, to make every trace and archive.disappear. So many of the Einsatzgruppen reports had been.distributed that it was impossible to destroy them all..The British had, since the Summer of 1941, intercepted.transmissions by the Ordnungspolizei. These documents, as well as the trials in the Federal Republic of Germany from the end of.the 1950’s onwards, against former policemen, were the start of.Patrick Desbois and the Yahad team’s inquiries on the mass.graves of the “Holocaust by bullets”...Six years of inquiries in Ukraine: Father Patrick.Desbois and Yahad-In Unum.Father Patrick Desbois, whose grandfather was deported to.stalag 325 in Rava Ruska, has undertaken the long and exacting.task of methodically recording the extermination of Ukraine’s.one and a half million Jews: by identifying and assessing every.site in Eastern and Western Ukraine in which they were.exterminated by mobile Nazi units during World War II, his.ultimate aim is to make sure they receive a decent burial..The work has been undertaken within association, Yahad-In.Unum, which was created in January, 2004, on the initiative of.Cardinal Jean-Marie Lustiger and Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard,.and of Rabbi Israël Singer. Father Patrick Desbois, Director of.Episcopal Services for Relations with Judaism, is the President of.the association, which benefits from the support of the Fondation.pour la Mémoire de la Shoah and Pope Benedict XVI, in a letter.dated the 12th of November, 2005, addressed to Cardinal Lustiger..The research, which has so far covered about one third of the.territory concerned, has finally brought to light the precise.conditions in which these mass shootings took place...The Yahad-In Unum research in Ukraine.The research is being carried out in three phases: gathering.information in German and Soviet archives, researching on.ground level (recording testimonies, localizing sites, ballistic.inquiries), and collecting material proof of the genocide..Archive research:.The archive reserves of German tribunals and Soviet.commissions have revealed initial information regarding the.massacres committed by the Nazis in the Soviet Union, and.notably in Ukraine between 1941 and 1944. Yahad’s researchers.have been able to discover the exact missions given to German.troops concerning the treatment of Jews, and the localization of.certain massacre sites. It has provided them with a base on.which to start work at ground level...Visiting the sites and recording testimonies:.Father Desbois and a team of experts regularly travel across the.regions of Ukraine, intent on identifying witnesses of the.genocide still alive today.When the team arrives in a village,.Father Desbois tells the elderly people the reason for his visit,.and asks them to testify. Local priests, teachers or local.personalities can help by following up on his appeal. Father.Desbois’ interviews of witnesses are recorded on digital video.while the rest of the team looks for other people ready to testify..At the time of events, these witnesses were curious children or.adolescents who either followed the columns of Jews heading.towards execution sites or observed the executions while hidden..Others were requisitioned by the Germans, in complicity with the.local authorities, to take part in digging or recovering the pits,.and transporting victims or materials. They all testify, often for.the first time, after sixty years of silence..Three concordant testimonies recorded independently lead.Yahad-In Unum to discover the localization of execution sites not.known of until today...Identifying communal Jewish graves and collecting ballistic.proof:.On indications given by witnesses, the site of the grave is located,.and its GPS position noted. The German cartridge cases are.dated, and all other ballistic proof is gathered before the grave is.camouflaged, to prevent tomb raiders profaning the site. The.presence of these German cartridge cases around the communal.graves is determining evidence that executions were perpetrated.by mobile Nazi units. Alongside such evidence, the team picks up.several personal objects belonging to the victims: glasses,.children’s games or jewellery which escaped the killers’ greed..Five hundred execution sites have already been identified...The exhibition organised at the Shoah Memorial presents the first.results of this research, part of the ballistic proof discovered on.site, and a selection of the witness accounts collected over the.last six years by the Yahad-In Unum team..The exhibition also presents the archeological assessment of a.communal grave which was undertaken following a request.made by the Shoah Memorial. Father Patrick Desbois’ team set.about their assessment in August 2006, and the results of their.research provide yet another confirmation of the terrible reality.of the genocide by bullets that was led between 1941 and 1944 in.Ukraine and across all of the Soviet territory by Nazi troops...The stages of execution..The hundreds of witness accounts collected by Yahad-In Unum.together with archive documents help to understand the way in.which assassinations were carried out within the framework of.the Holocaust by bullets. The organization of the killings,.although there were variations according to the actual sites, and.the size of the towns or villages concerned, followed similar.methods in all of the regions in which the Yahad-In Unum has led.its research until today. The exhibition at the Shoah Memorial.describes in detail the 8 stages Yahad-In Unum’s researchers.have discovered which made up the execution procedure...1 - The Germans prepare for the killings: Jews are summoned by.posters, radio or loudspeakers; Ukrainians are requisitioned..The Jews were ordered by Germans to assemble in a specific.place, taking warm clothes and food for several days. In small.towns or villages, they would contact the village mayor who.would give them a list of inhabitants. All the Germans then had to.do was to go directly to their victims’ houses in order to arrest.them..Ukrainian civilians were frequently requisitioned by the Germans.in towns and villages. The peasants, men and women, were often.very young. They were requisitioned to dig the pits, transport the.Jews, and refill the pits...2 – The Jews are arrested, assembled or confined, and then.led towards the execution site..The Jews were arrested by various methods: trickery, being told.they were to be transferred to the East, to Kiev, or to Palestine,.being grouped together in ghettos, arrested in their homes. The.policemen then roamed the villages and surrounding fields and.forests for several days, looking for Jews in hiding..In every case, the arrests were accompanied by numerous.assassinations..The Jewish victims were then led, from the assembly point to the.place where they were to undress near the execution sites,.walking in columns, or transported in horse-drawn carts or.trucks, accompanied by armed guards...3 – The Jews are made to wait near the execution site, and are.then undressed. Their last valuables are confiscated. A final.selection is made..Victims were not forced to wait just next to the grave, so that they.were unable to see it. Sometimes, they didn’t have to wait at all;.instead they were beaten into moving very quickly, and were shot.the moment they got to the pits. In the majority of cases, Jews.were forced to undress completely, taking off first their warm.clothes, which were placed in a pile or case already assigned for.them and then, further on, they would take off the rest of their.clothes. Those Jews who refused to do so were often killed on the.spot...4 – Once the firing squad Kommandos are in place, the victims.are led to the edge of the pit. The execution order is then given..The Jews were, for the most part, executed with a single bullet to.the back, unlike the Germans’ usual method for military.executions. This choice, explicitly mentioned by Paul Blobel.himself, seems to have been made at the beginning of the.shootings. For the rest, the commandos progressively tried and.tested their killing methods, following numerous and sordid.debates. Following a “liquidation” he had attended in Minsk,.around the 15th of August, 1941, Himmler asked for other.assassination methods to be tested. Gas vans were then brought.into use...5 – After the shooting, the pits are filled in. In a few, exceptional.cases, victims are granted a coup de grace. In some regions, the.bodies are cremated..After the shooting, the pits would be filled in using sometimes.lime first and then earth. It was often the requisitioned locals,.with their own tools, who were made to perform this task, and.were therefore witness to the fact that many victims were still.alive at the time...6 – The Germans party in the villages. The Jews’ clothes and.belongings are sorted, taken away and distributed or sold...7 – Some Jews manage to survive..The Yahad-In Unum team found and interviewed some of the.survivors who sometimes were living just a few kilometres from.the very site where they had escaped from death...8 - Babi Yar, Bogdanovka, Lisinitchi : 3 extermination sites in.Ukraine..Babi Yar.When German troops entered Kiev on the 19th of September,.1941, almost 100,000 Jews fled from the city. Those who.remained were accused of having organized assassination.attempts or starting fires. Poster pasted around the town.informed them that they were to congregate on the 29th of.September, 1941, at 8 o’clock in the morning, as they were to be.“relocated” somewhere else. Einsatzgruppen C members,.assisted by other SS units, German police and Ukrainian.auxiliaries then accompanied them to the ravine at Babi Yar, to.the north-east of the city, where they were assassinated in small.groups on the 29th and the 30th of September, 1941. The report.sent by the Einzatgruppen C to Headquarters speaks of 33,771.Jewish victims...Bogdanovka.The Bogdanovka camp, in Transnistria (Ukraine) was created by.occupying Romanian authorities in October, 1941. On the 1st of.December of the same year, 54,000 Jews from Bessarabia and.Odessa were held there. In mid-December, 1941, the Romanian.authorities, in agreement with the Nazis, decided to kill every.Jew imprisoned there. The massacre began on the 21st of.December, 1941, and was perpetrated by Romanian solders and.policemen, Ukrainian policemen, and Volksdeutsche. 5,000 ill and.handicapped persons were burnt alive in two stables. The rest of.the prisoners were forced to undress, and fall to their knees..They were then shot with a bullet to the back of the neck or a.grenade. Between the 21st and the 24th, and the 28th to the 31st of.December, nearly 43,000 Jews were assassinated. Two hundred.were left alive to burn the corpses, before being killed.themselves or for the most part left to die of cold...Lisinitchi.In a forest near the village of Lyczakov (today’s Lisinitchi), east of.Lvov, the Soviet extraordinary commission uncovered more than.40 pits filled with human ashes, in 1944. Between 1941 and 1943,.40,000 to 100,000 men, women and Jewish children were.assassinated. For each stage of the executions, 50 to 300 of the.victims were transported in trucks, from the “Lacki” prison to the.Lisinitchi forest, at a site that was marked out with barbed wire..Once they were undressed, they were shot in small groups at the.edge of the pits by SS gunmen with sub-machine guns or.revolvers, directed by the Gestapo leaders Stawitzki and Engels..From May, 1943 onwards, as part of the 1005 operation, traces of.the massacres began to be erased in the Lvov region. In.September, 136 Jews were transferred to Lisinitchi to burn the.bodies. On the 19th of November, 1943, the people making up this.commando began to revolt, and some of them managed to.escape. A new commando continued working at Lisinitchi until.the end of 1943...Results of the archeological assessment of 15 mass.graves carried out in August, 2006 in the territory of.the Busk commune, Lvov region, Ukraine...Following a request by the Shoah Memorial, an expert.assessment, directed by Yahad-In Unum, was undertaken in.August, 2006, by Ukrainian archaeologists of the Civil Society.Organization of research on war victims “Memory”, and under the.guidance of the association Zaka, which guarantees proper.respect for the bodies of victims according to Hebraic law..The excavation was carried out using local laborers. During the.course of the excavation, the Yahad-In Unum team dismantled a.cattle bridge, which had been constructed in the past in a field.near the village with stones from the Jewish cemetery. The.stones were brought back to the cemetery. Once the excavation.work was terminated and the earth had been replaced, the.graves were covered with a layer of cement to prevent pilfering..The results of the assessment, which is available in its entirety in.the exhibition, comply with the witness statements recorded in.Busk by Yahad-In Unum, regarding the whereabouts of mass.graves, the date of the massacres and the identity and number of.victims of the executions...Layout of the exhibition..Father Desbois’ researchers have above all recorded on video a.very large number of Ukrainian witnesses and survivors of the.executions (nearly 500). They have been interviewed throughout.Ukraine, about areas which bear little trace of their past history:.green meadows,countryside, forests, agricultural land… ordinary.landscapes revealing memories, the traces of which are buried.deep beneath the earth..The challenge was about how to present these recently filmed.testimonies, alongside past evidence such as the photographic.archives taken by the SS during the executions, or the statements.by soldiers, and trial testimonies, etc….How best to combine the results of Father Desbois’ ongoing.inquiry with historical documents?.Without meaning to elude the true nature of the documents, the.Shoah Memorial has chosen to adopt a non-spectacular form of.presentation...In the first space, which is of a historical nature, a slideshow of.the landscapes across contemporary Ukraine is presented:.countryside and forests where the mass graves have been.localized. A first text evokes the history of the Jews of the land.which is today called “Ukraine”; their presence there, which.dates a long way back, is illustrated by historical postcards and.photographs as well as objects which belonged to them; the.second historical chapter studies the years between 1939-1945,.from the moment the Nazis first put into practice their genocidal.policy, until the time they attempted to erase all trace of the.extermination of Jews in the East after their defeat at Stalingrad..A second room presents the eight stages of the extermination.process as reconstructed by the Yahad-In Unum team from their.extensive work gathering together accounts, proof and.documents. Visitors can consult a number of German and Soviet.documents, photographs from archives (including a series of.images showing Jews being led out of Lubny towards the.execution sites on the outskirts of the town), as well as extracts.of the contemporary video recordings taken by Yahad of.witnesses in Ukraine. There is also a display of the kind of.weapons used by the Nazis in general as well as some actually.used during the Holocaust by bullets: assessed and dated by.experts, these weapons are the material proof of the genocide..Lastly, a third room displays the archeological expertise of a.mass grave, uncovered by Father Patrick Desbois’ team in.August, 2006, following a request by the Shoah Memorial. In the.middle of the space, the most explicit testimonies of the entire.execution procedure in Ukraine are shown in their entirety. They.are recounted by survivors, eye witnesses or people who were.requisitioned at the time...Exhibition layout.• Entrance.Introductory text and map of Ukraine at the heart of the European.continent and the USSR indicating the zones in which the.massacres were perpetrated between 1941 and 1944...• Room 1.Slideshow of places where mass graves have been discovered..1st part: The history of Ukrainian Jews..Iconography from the Center of contemporary Jewish.documentation and almost entirely unpublished..Typical and mainly religious objects brought from Ukraine..Map of Jewish populations in Ukraine before 1939..15.2nd part: Preparation for and implementation of the Jewish.genocide in Ukraine..Iconography from diverse sources (USHMM, CDJC, Bundesarchiv,.etc.).German objects brought back from Ukraine..Reports and diverse archival documents: Katzmann report,.Einsatzgruppen reports, Soviet reports..Next series of maps showing the evolution of the killings from.1941 to 1943-1944..3rd part: Father Patrick Desbois and Yahad-In Unum’s research..At the center: a map of Reichskommissariat Ukraine and.peripheral zones..Description of the killings in August 1941..• Room 2.The stages of the execution..Accompanying each stage are extracts from testimonies filmed.by Yahad (video in Ukrainian, sub-titled in French and English)..Display cases showing proofs: weapons, shell casing, bullets..Slideshow of Lubny Jews..• Room 3.1st part: Results of the archeological assessment of the Busk.mass grave carried out in August, 2006..2nd part: Diffusion of integral witness accounts (10 testimonies.lasting between 20’ and 45’ minutes, subtitled in English and.French)..3rd part: At the end of the exhibition, a child of 5, Dora, who was.assassinated at Simferopol, is personified through one of her.items of clothing associated to a poem written by her half-sister,.Nina Bakchi....
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